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The Ipswich Dock, (also the waterfront, Ipswich wet dock and the wet dock,) is the area of land around the dock in the town of Ipswich at a bend of the River Orwell which has been used for trade since at least the 8th Century. A wet dock was constructed in 1842 which was 'the biggest enclosed dock in the kingdom' at the time. A major regeneration of the area has taken place since 1999.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ipswich Waterfront )〕 ==Early period== A dock was in operation in Ipswich on a bend in the River Orwell in the 8th century, and was probably established during the 7th century under the protection of the ruling house of the Kingdom of East Anglia, which reached its summit under King Raedwald. The importance of this dock, and the surrounding town which served it, has been recognized through excavation over the past fifty years. The early town of Ipswich (then called Gipeswic), centred upon the quay, extended over more than 52 hectares, the area later enclosed by the Viking age ramparts (which curtailed the Anglo-Saxon township), making it one of the largest new early post-Roman townships and emporia in northern Europe.〔K. Wade, 'Gipeswic - East Anglia's first economic capital, 600-1066', in N. Salmon and R. Malster (eds), ''Ipswich From The First To The Third Millennium'' (Ipswich, 2001), 1-6.〕 Imported pottery of Rhenish Merovingian types, imported lava quern-stones and barrel-timbers dendro-dated to 8th century Germany, and finds of continental coinage such as 'porcupine sceattas' indicate trade through the Rhine port towns including Domburg, Dorestad and Andernach, as part of the cultural engagement of Anglo-Saxon England with the Frisian, Frankish, Alamannic, Saxon, Thuringian and Burgundian worlds.〔R. Hodges, ''Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Town and Trade AD 600-1000'' (London 1982): R. Hodges, ''The Anglo-Saxon Achievement'' (London 1988).〕 The important 'Ipswich Ware' pottery industry, established in the town's north-east quarter probably in the late 7th century, reflected shapes and kiln technologies based on Frisian prototypes, either in imitation of imports arriving at the quay or set up by migrant Frisian workers.〔N. Scarfe, ''The Suffolk Landscape'' (New Edition, Phillimore, Chichester 2002), p. 71-72. Wade (cited above).〕 The Gipeswic dock was therefore the trade capital of the East Anglian Kingdom, situated not far from its royal centre at Rendlesham and Sutton Hoo. During the 7th and 8th centuries the two greatest English ports were York (Eoforwic) and London, and two principal new ports were Gipeswic in the east and Hamwic (Southampton) in the south. Like Hamwih, Gipeswic dock was therefore a point of departure and arrival for continental travel.〔S. Plunkett, ''Suffolk in Anglo-Saxon Times'' (Tempus, Stroud 2005), 76-78, 129-133. ISBN 0-7524-3139-0.〕 The early waterfront of Ipswich Dock ran from approximately St Peter's Church, near the present Stoke Bridge, eastward behind the present quay or marina embankment and past the present Custom House. It lay originally nearer to the line of College Street and Salthouse Street, with new revetments being built successively further out into the river in order to achieve a sufficient depth of water for ships to moor, as the earlier embankments became silted. The area between the road and the quay, formerly occupied by warehouses and now by new building developments, represents this area of successive embankments built upon river-mud. An extensive area of early Medieval waterfront construction was found by excavation〔For illustrations of the Anglo-Saxon revetments under excavation, see J. Fairclough, ''Boudica to Raedwald: East Anglia's Relations with Rome'' (Malthouse Press, Ipswich 2010), pp. 238-39, colour plates. ISBN 978-0-9539680-3-9.〕 during recent works to demolish the old industrial waterfront, and showed the footings of many projecting boardwalks,〔Plunkett (cited above), 130. See Rhodri Gardner, 'Ipswich, Cranfield's Mill', in 'Archaeology in Suffolk 2005', ''Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History'' 41 Part 2, 2006, p.251.〕 in a similar way to the contemporary waterfront at Dorestad, one of its principal trading partners in those times.〔A. E. Verhulst, ''The Rise of Cities in North-Western Europe'' (Cambridge University Press 1999), pp. 27-30.〕 The original crossing was a ford, east of Stoke Bridge, linking Great Whip Street (on the south bank) with Foundation Street to the north, which then immediately branched into Lower Brook Street. The area north of the road, between St Peter's church and St Mary-at-Quay (and east of that), is thought to represent the site of the Anglo-Saxon industrial waterfront development. Its first urban catchment area extended north up to Falcon Street, Old Cattle Market, Dog's Head Street and Tacket Street, with burial grounds on rising land to the north.〔R. Malster, ''A History of Ipswich'' (Phillimore, Chichester 2000), pp. 5-10. Cemeteries, see C. Scull, ''Early medieval (late 5th-early 8th centuries AD) Cemeteries at Boss Hall and Buttermarket, Ipswich, Suffolk'': The Society for Medieval Archaeology, Monograph 27 (Leeds: The Society for Medieval Archaeology 2009). ISBN 978-1-906540-18-0.〕 Probably during the 8th century the Stoke Bridge crossing was created, establishing the importance of St Peter's Street as the main northern route, and urban expansion spread over the burial grounds north to include the street called Buttermarket, the Cornhill area, and the line of the prehistoric road now represented by Westgate Street, Tavern Street and Carr Street.〔Wade (cited above).〕 Discoveries of early sceattas in this area, and a dedication to St Mildred, suggest that this new layout was planned during the reigns of Kings Ealdwulf (664-713) and his son AElfwald (713-749).〔Scarfe 2002 (cited above), 72-74.〕 The street plan represented by this early Medieval development still largely survives in use in the modern town of Ipswich, and is one of the oldest post-Roman street-plans to survive anywhere in Europe. Both dock and town have remained in continuous use and occupation since that time.〔Malster 2000, Wade 2001, Plunkett 2005 (cited above).〕 In 991 a fleet of 93 Viking ships swept up the river Orwell and sacked the town.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ipswich )〕 During Edward III's reign Ipswich was one of the richest and most important ports in the country. Wool from Norfolk and Suffolk was in great demand by the weavers of Flanders and the Netherlands.〔 300 ships massed in the river to carry soldiers to fight and win the battle of Cressy. In 1588 Ipswich built, fitted out and manned two ships to sail against the Spanish Armada. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ipswich Dock」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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